Hamas (and all Palestinian sources plus Al Jazeera) routinely write about the "exchange of prisoners". Some Western media (in fact quite a few, unfortunately) repeat this statement.
So what really happened on Monday the 13th of October when the last living hostages returned to Israel after 2 years?
Below you will find some information about 20 returnees and some of the 250 sentenced Palestinians released in return.
Hostages:
1) Gali and Ziv Berman, 28-year-old twin brothers, abducted from Kibbutz Kfar Aza. In Kfar Aza 64 residents were murdered on October 7, 2023. Gali and Ziv were kidnapped and held hostage for over 2 years. They were separated from each other and only during their release they could confirm that their twin brother was alive. And the twin brothers lived, worked and traveled together. They also supported the same soccer team and played together. and than they were separated for two years on October 7 not knowing if the other is alive and if they will ever see each other again. Their family for 2 long years did not know if they are injured, alive or together or separated.
2) Ariel Cunio, 28, was abducted in the attack on Kibbutz Nir Oz on 7 October. Ariel's brother Eitan, who escaped the Hamas-led gunmen, said the last message from Ariel said: "We are in a horror movie." David Cunio, 35, another of Ariel's brothers, was also kidnapped from Nir Oz. Both brothers were kidnapped with their partner (Ariel) and wife and 3-year-old twin daughters (David). David's wife and children were released in November 2023 after over 50 days in captivity (for 3-year-olds it must have been an eternity), Ariel's partner spent close to year-and-a-half in captivity, only released in January 2025. Both brothers hold Israeli and Argentinian citizenship. David missed 2 years of his daughters life (now - 40% of their time on Earth). 90-year-old Eshter Cunio was not kidnapped solely because she stated she is fan of Argentinian player Messi which seemed to be also supported by Hamasnik.
3) Avinatan Or, 32, abducted from Nova festival together with is girlfriend Noa Argamani. They became icons after film with Noa being taken away on a motorcycle and crying for help with her hands towards Avinatan became the picture from Nova. Noa was released by IDF in 2024, just in time to see her dying of cancer mother. Avinatan came back after two years, both years he spent in total isolation not knowing if Noa is alive and what happened to her. He was also cuffed and put in the cage after trying to escape.
4) Matan Angrest, 22, an IDF soldier, was in a tank that was attacked near the Gaza perimeter fence on 7 October.His friends perished. He was (as may be seen on the film made by terrorists) taken unconscious from the tank, beaten, kicked and later in captivity, tortured. Matan still has unhealed wounds from October 7, never really treated. "Matan has severe burns on the whole of his right hand. He has deformities in his fingers and other injuries, including to his eyesight. He said that he went through very severe torture, at least in the first few months." his mother said.
5) Matan Zangauker, 25, was taken with his partner Ilana Gritzewsky from Nir Oz. Ilana was released during the November 2023 ceasefire. He suffers from degenerative muscle disease that runs in his family and was suffering badly physically and mentally in the captivity. Zangauker underwent an “emergency medical intervention” in captivity due to persistent abdominal pain. His mother stated: "Since I learned about the torture and the physical and mental suffering my son is enduring, I haven’t been able to eat, and I can barely breathe. How can a mother survive knowing her son, who suffers from a degenerative muscle disease, is being held alone in captivity? Can he even stand on his own? Hold a glass of water? My heart is breaking over what he’s going through.” Here is a video of reunion of mother and son after his release.
6) Eitan Horn, 38, an Israeli-Argentine dual national, was kidnapped along with his elder brother Yair from Nir Oz. Yair was freed in February 2025 during the last ceasefire."Every day we imagined what we'd do if we were freed," Yair recalled recently. Eitan lost about half his body's weight in captivity.
7) Omri Miran, 48, was abducted from his home in Nahal Oz. He was abducted after being kept with his wife Lishay and his two small daughters for 3 hours with terrorists aiming their guns at them. Omri and his family were taken by terrorists after he decided to open the door of their safe room to begging of Tomer, 17-year-old neighbour's son whom Hamas terrorists taken with him to knock on neighbours' safe room doors. Omri knew in what danger he puts himself and his family yet he opened his safe room door to Tomer trying to protect the teenager. Sadly Tomer was still murdered by terrorists as was his mother, his brother and his step-father. Omri and his family also heard 18-yer-old neighbour's daughter murdered while they were awaiting their fate. Omri, then 46 years old, was a Shiatsu therapist and owner of a private clinic called Echad HaAdam in Kibbutz Nahal Oz before Hamas terrorists kidnapped him. In the mornings, he took care of the plants and the beauty of the kibbutz, and in the evenings, he cared fot people and tended to the body and soul of everyone around him.
8) Nimrod Cohen, only 21, was serving as an IDF soldier when his tank was attacked by Hamas at Nahal Oz. He experienced torture in Hamas tunnels, both physical and psychological being repeatedly told that nobody in Israel was doing anything to bring him home.
9) Guy Gilboa-Dalal, 24, attended the Nova music festival with his brother Gal. Shortly before Guy's release Gal stated: “Time has been passing very weirdly,” Gal said. “In a way I feel that I was with him at Nova yesterday and in a way I feel like I haven’t seen my brother in more than 100 years.” He recalls he was hearing every day his brother screaming to him from Hamas tunnels. Guy experiences physical and psychological torture in captivity. As part of the psychological torture Gilboa-Dalal suffered in Hamas captivity, terrorists forced him and his friend Evyatar David to watch the release of Tal Shoham, Omer Shem Tov, Omer Wenkert, Eliya Cohen, Avera Mengistu, and Hisham al-Sayed after being promised their freedom. Gal also told Ynet “One of the guards told them there was a deal and that they’d get food the next day. The next day he said he lied—there was no deal and no food.” He was forced to crawl on all four and bark like a dog when terrorists beat him. Released hostage Tal Shoham told Channel 12 in July that Gilboa-Dalal and David were suffering in “horrific” conditions from malnutrition and were subjected to intense physical abuse. The pair had been bound and forced to sit facing a wall with black sacks over their heads for extended periods and denied access to water. Shoham said that Gilboa-Dalal confessed to drinking dirty water from a barrel used to flush the toilet when the guards weren’t looking, just to quench his thirst after he was left so dehydrated he was unable to speak. While in captivity he underwent multiple infections, hearing loss in one ear, stomach pain and vomiting, as well as skin problems and vitamin deficiencies.
A video released by Hamas shows Evyatar David and Guy Gilboa-Dalal witnessing the release of fellow hostages in Nuseirat, central Gaza, February 22, 2025. (credit: HAMAS AL-AQSA TV)
10) Alon Ohel, 24, has Israeli, German and Serbian citizenship. He was another one captured from Nova festival. His family didn't know for almost two years if he is alive or not. He is (was?) talented pianist who was giving recitals in jazz and classical music and was planning to continue his musical studies and career. He has been captured by terrorist from so called "Death Shelter" at the Re'im junction. After prolonged fighting by the festival-goers, Hamas gunmen entered the shelter and abducted Ohel along with some others, all of whom were wounded to varying degrees. The first sign he is alive came in February this year after few released in exchange hostages testified they had met him. According to their testimonies Ohel was injured during the attack by shrapnel that struck his eye, causing the loss of vision in one eye and possible severe damage to the other. Or Levi, one of released in February, testified that Ohel was chained by his legs, severely malnourished, and suffering from untreated injuries, including near-blindness. During last weeks in Gaza he was used as a human shield. His shrapnel wound, untreated for two years, caused blindness in one eye.
11) Yosef-Chaim Ohana, 25, had been at the festival with a friend, who said they had remained to help people escape the gunfire before running themselves. He was a combat soldier and commander previously, the past that fortunately was hidden from terrorists during his captivity. He wouldn't have returned alive. Many of former hostages talk how he tried to uplift them and keep their spirits during their ordeal. He spent several days in a pit underground with another six captives, without enough room to sit or lie down and with barely enough air to survive.
12) Elkana Bohbot, 36, was working at the festival when he was abducted. He stayed behind to help others to escape. Earlier this year, Israeli media cited a released hostage as saying Elkana, who has asthma, was being held in inhumane conditions and had developed a severe skin disease. The young father was bound, blindfolded, his hands and feet tied. He went through severe abuse.
13) Eitan Mor, 25, was working as a security guard at the Nova music festival. His father Mor said he saved dozens of people before being kidnapped by Hamas gunmen. His family had been told by a previously released hostage who spent time with Eitan in a tunnel that he had acted as a "spokesman to the captors" and "lifted everyone's spirits". However the first year of his captivity Eitan was held in isolation. Over his roughly two years in Gaza, Eitan was transferred between approximately 40 different hiding places—all in Gaza City, some above and some below ground. He suffered periods of extreme hunger, during which he received only a few spoonfuls of rice daily. In one incident, Eitan managed to steal pita bread but was almost beaten to death for it.
14) Maxim Herkin, 37, is an Israeli-Russian dual national who was invited to the festival at the last moment. His two friends were killed in the attack.
15) Bar Kupershtein, 23, was working at the festival and stayed behind during the attack to help treat casualties. He told his grandmother that he would head home as soon as they were finished. It took him two years. The grandchild of Holocaust survivors and the son of father who suffered severe injuries in accident and could neither stand nor talk. Tal Kuperstein, Bar's dad, taught himself with all the effort to stand and talk during the two years to welcome his son. It worked.
16) Segev Kalfon, 27, was running away from the festival with a friend when he was taken hostage by Hamas gunmen. He described being tied, blindfolded, and beaten by the terrorists after capture, and repeatedly assaulted whenever he said his name. Segev was being punished for refusing to change his name, mocked as a “worthless Jew,” and made to perform exhausting labor. His captors forced him to dig and live in Hamas’ terror tunnels under constant threat of death, sometimes keeping him alone for long stretches. “Death becomes your best friend,” Kalfon says, describing how a single bottle of water felt like gold and how survival became a miracle.
17) Evyatar David, 24, was at the festival. He texted his family to say "they are bombarding the party". His family say they later received a text from an unknown number, with a video of Evyatar handcuffed on the floor of a dark room. In August 2025, Hamas published a video of an emaciated and weak Evyatar in a tunnel.Emaciated Evyatar was forced to dig what he believed to be his future grave. Clips from that video were used by Greta Thunberg on her social media as illustration of Palestinian suffering in Israeli prisons!!!!
18) Rom Braslavski, 21, was working on security at the festival. According to an account published by the Hostages and Missing Families Forum, he was trying to rescue an injured person when he was caught in a volley of fire. In August 2025, Palestinian Islamic Jihad published a video of Rom, in which he is seen crying as he says he has run out of food and water. He said he is unable to stand or walk, and "is at death's door". Medical experts said he was suffering from "deliberate, prolonged, and systematic starvation". Throughout his time in captivity, Braslavski held onto his faith, often praying, which, according to his uncle, gave him mental strength. "The will to live, the inner strength, seeing us, kept him going" his uncle said. He wrote to himself there, but at one point, the terrorists took away what he had written. He spoke Arabic with his captors, and now he speaks fluent Arabic.
And now who are some of the nearly 2,000 people exchanged for the above described innocent hostages:
1) Imad Qawasmeh, 52 (Hamas) – convicted for the 2004 Beersheva bus bombing that killed 16 Israelis and wounded over 100. The youngest victim was 3.5 years old boy sitting on his mother's lap. This attack also fastened creation of the barrier between West Bank and Israel as bombers crossed the green line on foot. Imad Qawasmeh, who planned the attacked and was sentenced for 16 cases of murder, was part of a "pay-for-slay" scheme, when sentenced terrorists receive stipends, often from international aid money (your taxes included!).
2) Muhammad Aref Samhan, 55 (Fatah/Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades) – responsible for 2003 Jerusalem bus bombing killing 24 and wounding over 130. Many of the victims were children, some were infants. The bomb was spiked with ball-bearings designed to increase injuries on the crowded bus.As so many children were victims (they were mostly orthodox Jews returning from the Western Wall prayers) the tragedy was dubbed "the children bus". Aref Samhan dispatched suicide bomber who blew up the bus.Here is a piece from Associated Press report:
"Strollers were scattered near the stricken bus, medics carried away children with blood-smeared faces and a baby girl died in a hospital before doctors could find her parents. At least five children were among the 18 dead in Tuesday's suicide bombing by a Palestinian militant who blew himself up on a Jerusalem bus. Forty children were among more than 100 people injured. The attack was the 100th Palestinian suicide bombing against Israelis since the latest round of fighting began in September 2000."
3) Qassem Aref Khalil al-Asafreh, 36 (Hamas) – involved in 2019 stabbing murder of yeshivah student Dvir Sorek. Al-Asafreh was part of a terrorist cell with a cousin and another operative.
4) Ibrahim Muhammad al-Raai, 46 (Fatah/Tanzim) – responsible for 2006 Nablus bombing and multiple shooting attacks. The attack in the Casbah, aka Old City, in Nablus, that killed St.-Sgt. Osher Damari and wounded six other soldiers on July 17, 2006. Al-Raai was only arrested in 2022. He was recruited remotely by a terrorist from Gaza and worked to recruit additional terrorists. He was also involved in shooting attacks in the area of Joseph’s Tomb, on the outskirts of Nablus. From the Shin Bet investigation, it emerged that he participated in dozens of shooting attacks against Israeli forces and planting of explosives.
5) Rashid Mahmoud Omar, 48 (Fatah) – convicted of murder of a Palestinian, whom he believed to be Israeli "collaborator". He was convicted of causing death with intent, membership in a Fatah terrorist cell, shooting at people, attempted murder, and involvement in hostile actions.
6) Firas Sadiq Muhammad Ghanem, 51 (Fatah/Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades) – responsible for attacks causing 9 Israeli deaths. He is a security detainee from Jerusalem who was captured during the Second Intifada. He is accused of offenses including causing death with intent, possession of firearms, attempted murder and conspiracy to cause death with intent. According to the Prisoners Organization, he is accused of participating in attacks when he belonged to Fatah’s Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades. It was noted that these attacks led to the murder of nine Israelis.
Can there really be any comparison between kidnapped hostages who underwent hell on earth for two years in captivity and arrested, accused and - mostly - convicted terrorists with blood on their hands? Can there really be any comparison between calling family to inform them that their near and dear is returning from captivity and calling a bereaved family whose member has been murdered to let them know that perpetrator is walking free so somebody's innocent child, father, husband can return home? Can there really be any comparison between a state supervised legal process in which crime needs to be proved and perpetrator brought to justice and kidnapping hostages, often supportive towards Palestinians kibbutzniks, to steel them from their families and torture them in Gaza?
I leave you with these questions.
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