As I wrote in the third part of the story about Arafat and the PLO Arafat played a huge role in unleashing and shaping the course of the civil war in Lebanon. Here's a few words about the political system of Lebanon, necessary to understand what was happening at the moment the civil war broke out and afterward, and which still affects the current situation in the Middle East. This former French colony gained independence in 1943, taking advantage of France's problems. In the National Pact of that year (which in this respect served the role of a constitutional power-sharing agreement), attempting to prevent the escalation of religious conflicts, the presidency was reserved for a Maronite Christian, the prime minister's position for a Sunni Muslim, and the role of parliamentary speaker for a Shia Muslim. In this way, it attempted to prevent a political (and perhaps also a real and bloody) war among the followers of the three main religions of Lebanon. This division served its purpose for many years. In the 1960s, Beirut was known as the Paris of the Middle East, and the country, not without problems, but which country is free from them, was developing in peace.
The violation of interfaith balance, the enormous influence of Syria and the USSR (in Lebanon, often operating through Syria) contributed to the disruption of this fragile balance, which at the end - as I described - was destroyed by the large influx of Sunni and revolutionary-minded supporters of Arafat lead by Arafat himself. Arafat was supported by the USSR (his successor Abbas earned a doctorate in Moscow in the 1960s writing thesis on the links between Zionism and Nazism - that idea was a communist construct, and is still frequently repeated by various activists today). The Lebanese system, already heavily weakened by this religious-ideological burden, could not bear more, and the country slid into a long (1975-1990) civil war.
During the course of the war, something happened that has affected and continues to affect Lebanon, the history of the war, the state system, and brought about its downfall. Its influence continues to this day. The Khomeini Revolution. Without it, the civil war would probably have lasted shorter, the Israeli intervention in the war in Lebanon probably would not have occurred, or at the very least, it would have been much shorter and less significant, and today's Lebanon would have looked differently (I dare say, much better).
I have already written about the linguistic, ethnic, and above all religious divisions between Iran and the Arab countries of the Middle East. Lebanon, with its very delicate religious-political division, and at the same time a small country with an ongoing civil war, was perceived by Khomeini's Iran as a gateway to the Arab Middle East and to attacks on Israel.
In 1981, even before Israel's invasion in 1982 (contrary to what the ayatollahs and Hezbollah itself had insisted), Iran funded Hezbollah, thus strengthening the Shiites in Lebanon. The Party of God (as the name Hezbollah is translates), in addition to terrorist activities (always the most important and costly), was indeed involved in supporting the Shiite minority in Lebanon, running schools, hospitals, and lending institutions. This earned it the gratitude of the Shiite citizens of Lebanon, who were indeed neglected (and certainly perceived themselves as such) by the state.
Hezbollah took part in the war with Israel during the first IDF intervention in Lebanon (in response to cross-border shelling of towns and settlements in Israel by Arafat's PLO, and not because of any dominant conflict with the Lebanese authorities; the IDF aimed to ensure the safety of Israelis in Israel).
Soon, many countries designated Hezbollah as a terrorist organization. However, some did so only with regard to the military, not the political, wing of the organization. This was essentially a nod to Iran, and often simply a gesture of hostility toward Israel, since Hezbollah leaders themselves - neither Naim Qassem nor Sheikh Nasrallah - recognized any such division and repeatedly expressed this publicly. (“in Lebanon there is
one Hezbollah, named Hezbollah. We don’t have a military wing and a political wing. We don’t have
Hezbollah and the Party of Resistance, because Hezbollah is a political party, a resistance party, and the
party of striving in the path of God Almighty and service of the human being. This, in short, is
Hezbollah.” Naim Qassem in 2012).
Iran has used its tool - Hezbollah - skillfully, bringing about political turmoil and revolts in Lebanon's Shiite Amal Party and sending more than 1,000 revolutionary guards to the Beqaa Valley to consolidate its terrorist organization. Ayatollahs used Hezbollah not only to fight Israel, but also to attack the Shah's supporters in the 1980s in Europe and to attack France during the Iran-Iraq war, when France sided with Iraq. Iran has been funding and arming Hezbollah all along, but the organization has also created an underground state in Lebanon capable of, at least partially, circumventing U.S. sanctions.
Hezbollah, which fought wars with Israel in the 1980s, in 2006, in 2024 (when it joined the war after a Hamas's attack) and is currently at war with Israel, is also an enemy of the State of Lebanon. Its founding document, the so-called 1982 Open Letter, published in 1985, directly calls the secular constitutional republic that Lebanon was 'product of an arrogance so unjust that no reform or modification can remedy it.' Nevertheless, exhausted by the civil war, fighting against the Syrian intervention, and divided, Lebanon was not able to resist Hezbollah, which did whatever it wanted there, being de facto an occupier of Lebanon together with Syria. The Lebanese army was weaker than Hezbollah, at least until 2024. After Hezbollah's defeat in the war against Israel in 2024, the situation changed somewhat, and the Lebanese government to some extent began conducting military operations against Hezbollah. A few days ago, the Lebanese government announced that all captured Revolutionary Guards would be deported to Iran or imprisoned.
Although periodically, after the civil war, Hezbollah pretended to accept the Lebanese system, it never abandoned the plan to turn Lebanon into a Shiite religious state modeled after Iran. Of course, almost all Lebanese citizens who were not Shiites, and some of those who were Shiites, did not agree with such a plan.
Hezbollah, alongside the PLO, has enormous merit in bringing Lebanon, once a thriving country, to collapse and near bankruptcy. It bears great responsibility for economic deficiencies, power and water shortages, and chaos in the country. It is responsible for the huge explosion that significantly destroyed Beirut in August 2020, although this time it was not a deliberate attack, but the result of careless storage of large amounts of ammonium nitrate. More than 200 people died at that time, nearly 8,000 were injured, and about 250,000-300,000 lost their homes.
When I read in the press that Israel, while fighting Hezbollah, is attacking Lebanon (or fighting Lebanon), I can only sigh at the easy propaganda of the Western media. The Lebanese government would gladly get rid of Hezbollah (just as it once, with effort, got rid of the PLO at the end of the 1980s and – later – its main occupier from the time of the civil war – Syria).
Hezbollah, indeed, has seized a significant part of the Lebanese government's prerogatives, but it did so like a cancerous tumor – destroying the state and bringing it to the brink of collapse, which none of the apologists of the Iranian regime (not to be confused with Iran) and fierce critics of every Israeli move, just because it is Israeli, seem to remember.
And so the Iranian bloody and criminal regime, striving for expansion and the destruction of Israel, helped destroy Lebanon (a fact barely noticeable), and in the West almost no one saw it.
Beirut harbor after explosion in Hezbollah's warehouse.

